Published (38)

Bio-chemical Farming Maize Field Test in Karfe Town, Suleja, Niger State, Nigeria

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Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd. carried out a bio-chemical farming field test on maize for farmers in Karfe Town, Suleja, Niger State in May 2017 using Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant. The maize seeds were soaked in Bio-Plant and water for 12 hours before planting. The soil, which was in poor condition owing to years of chemical farming, was prepared with a bio-chemical mixture of Urea and Bio-Plant. Bio-Plant was also mixed with NPK and this bio-chemical mixture was sprinkled around the maize plants during the crop. Pro-Plant was sprayed regularly on the maize plants. Normally, the farmers experienced problems with insect attacks during their maize crops, but this time there were no problems with insect pests at all. No chemical sprays were used. The farmers almost doubled their yield. Normally, they only produced 30-40 bags of maize per hectare, but this test produced 60 bags per hectare.…

100% Organic Farming Cucumber Field Test in Akwai, Ibom State, Nigeria

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Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd. carried out a 100% organic farming field test on cucumbers for farmers in Akwai, Ibom State in April 2017 using Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant. The soil, which was in poor condition before the test, was prepared with Bio-Plant mixed with organic matter, the seeds were soaked in Bio-Plant and water, and Pro-Plant was sprayed regularly on the plants. No chemical sprays were used. The farmers were very impressed with the results owing to the large size of the cucumbers, which was much larger than what they normally produced; their fresh taste; fresh appearance; and quality. They said they looked forward to obtaining the bio-fertilisers.…

Bio-chemical Farming Rice Dry Season Field Test in Jamaare, Bauchi State, Nigeria

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Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd. carried out a bio-chemical farming field test on rice for farmers in Jamaare, Bauchi State in 2017 using Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant. The rice seeds were soaked in Bio-Plant and water for 18 hours before planting. Because of many years of chemical farming in the area, the soil was in poor condition before the test. It was prepared with a bio-chemical mixture of Urea and Bio-Plant. Bio-Plant was also mixed with NPK and this bio-chemical mixture was fed to the rice plants during the crop. Pro-Plant was sprayed regularly on the rice plants during the crop. No chemical sprays were used. The farmers normally only produced 50 bags of rice per hectare, but this test produced 80 bags per hectare, which is a 60% increase.                       …

Field Tests in Lau, Taraba State, Nigeria: “Better results than with chemical fertilisers!”

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Our Agent in Taraba State, Manir Isa Jada, has reported that farmers in Lau, Taraba State in Nigeria have been using only Pro-Plant to grow organic rice with very good results. According to the farmers, the results are better than when they have used chemical fertilisers.  There are more rice grains on each plant and the quality of the rice is higher, they say. This is in spite of not preparing the soil with  organic matter mixed with Bio-Plant, which would have increased the yield further. Here is a photograph of one of the rice plants:…

Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd. is Promoting Agriculture Youth Programmes in Nigeria.

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Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd., in partnership with the YPAED Cooperative Society, is promoting youth in agriculture by introducing numerous programs that encourages youth participation in the Agricultural Sector. Salad Greenhouse and the YPAED team at the 52 Hectare farm in FCT Abuja. Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd, the YPAED Cooperative society, and its partners are inviting the youth and women of Nigeria to participate in its project program tagged “1,000,000 Youths in Commercial Organic Agriculture in Nigeria” (1m Y-CAN) and “Grassroots Organic Agriculture Technology Initiative” (GOATi). For further information, please go to this link: The Youth Programmes…

Field Test on Maize by Nigeria’s Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Produce Excellent Results in Niger State.

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The Farm Input Support Services Department of the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in Abuja, Nigeria, has evaluated the effects of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant on maize in Niger State. The tests were carried out by 3 farmers in Chanchaga village during the 2015/2016 dry season period. Summary 1. Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant were tested on maize using different farmers to evaluate their impact compared to inorganic NPK fertilizer, which the farmers were used to. 2. The results obtained revealed that plots treated with Pro-Plant combined with Bio-Plant had significantly higher yields. 3. In all the treatments where Pro-Plant was used either alone or combined with NPK or Bio-Plant, an appreciable yield increase was obtained. 4. Any treatment that involves the use of Pro-Plant liquid organic fertilizer is therefore highly recommended to maize farmers. Field Test Report Here is the field test report: Federal Ministry of Agriculture Nigeria Field Test 2015-2016…

Field Test on Maize in Zanzibar Produced Excellent Results

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Results and Discussions The results showed the results of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant liquid fertilizers on the growth and yield of a maize crop in an exploratory test conducted at Kizimbani Agricultural Center of Zanzibar Agricultural Research Institute. (See the file below.) Aquiyl Abu Musawwir – The Local Agent Who Carried Out the Field Test The results showed a high percent increase of plant height and culm width at vegetative stage due to application of bio-plant and pro-plant when compared to non-application. This has an implication that the liquid fertilizers influenced the maize plant to grow more quickly at vegetative stage. However, at maturity the results showed that overall the liquid fertilizers influenced plant height by 27% and culm width by 40%. On cob width and cob length the liquid fertilizers managed to improve these parameters by 25.6% and 23% respectively. The two yield components and possibly to others which have not been measured have contributed to the performance of cob weight to 94.5% compared to the yield of the control plot. Results of Field Test on Maize in Zanzibar Conclusions and Recommendations The test conducted to evaluate the effect of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant liquid fertilizers on maize has shown that the fertilizers have the ability to improve crop productivity to a great extent and therefore indicated the possibility to replace or supplement chemical fertilizers in crop production.  …

Artemis & Angel Co. Ltd. Offers the Government of Sierra Leone a 0% Interest, US$100 Million Credit Fund to Replace Chemical Agriculture With 100% Organic Agriculture.

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The photograph shows Marcus Akabi-Davis (right), Dr. Monty Jones, the Minister of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Security (third from the left, front row), Peter McAlpine, Marketing Manager of Artemis & Angel Co. Ltd. (back row, right) after a meeting at the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Security in Freetown, Sierra Leone, about the US$100 million Bio-fertiliser Credit Fund. Purpose of the Proposal The purpose of the Credit Fund, which we are offering the government of Sierra Leone, is to provide two advanced bio-technology, 100% organic, liquid, microbial bio-fertilizers (Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant) on very generous credit terms to enable Sierra Leone to phase out chemical farming completely; to replace it with 100% organic farming; to free up resources, which will assist the social and economic development of farming communities; and to help Sierra Leone to achieve its Agenda for Prosperity goals relating to nutrition, health, environmental protection, poverty alleviation, self-sufficiency, and food security. The Credit Fund will enable farmers to replace harmful chemical fertilizers and sprays with 100% organic bio-fertilizers and ensure that all farmers can obtain bio-fertilizers for their crops on credit with no price increase over 5 years. Their efficacy has already been demonstrated in Sierra Leone (MAFFS tests in 2015) as well as in other countries in Africa, i.e. Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Guinea, Malawi, and Nigeria. Investing in Sierra Leone In addition to offering the generous credit terms in section 3 below we will invest some of the proceeds from the sale back into Sierra Leone, for example, in the following activities: Train young people how to make a good living from 100% organic farming. This will enable them many people to leave Freetown and to return to the rural areas where unused land can be developed for the benefit of the country’s economy in various ways. Conduct workshops in each region for agriculture extension workers so that they can train farmers in 100% organic farming using the bio-fertilizers. This will increase their crop yields, crop immunity to disease, and crop quality; increase their standard of living and alleviate rural poverty; improve the health of the population and people’s feelings of well-being; and free Sierra Leone from the harmful social, health, economic, and environmental effects of chemical agriculture. With planning Sierra Leone could become Africa’s first 100% organic agriculture country. Provide mini-loans to farming communities so that they can obtain the equipment needed to reduce post-harvest food loss, and to process harvested crops so that they can get a higher price. Provide funding for the establishment of 100% organic crops for which there is already a demand internationally. Provide funding to help villages to open up new land for 100% organic farming. Provide funding for infrastructure projects, such as repairing roads so that harvested crops can reach markets before being spoiled; water supply and water storage; etc. Fund and train up manpower in order to implement education projects, which focus on the education of children, youth, and women; on developing people’s self-belief and self-confidence; and on village unity. The Main Benefits The bio-fertilizers will enable the government of Sierra Leone: To make Sierra Leone Africa’s first 100% organic farming country. To free up funds, which the government would have spent on subsidizing fertilizer, for infrastructure projects, rice mills, food processing factories, farming community development, opening up new land to agriculture, etc. To eradicate chemical fertilizers and sprays. Chemical farmers accept bio-chemical farming easily with these bio-fertilizers. The momentum towards country-wide, 100% organic farming can therefore be increased. To increase food production significantly beyond what chemical agriculture can achieve, and for a much lower cost. These bio-fertilizers can ensure the country’s food security. Chemical agriculture cannot because of its harmful effects on the soil and environment. The bio-fertilizers are effective with all crops and trees, including Sierra Leone’s main crops – maize, rice, millet, sorghum, nuts, fruit, yams, cassava, cocoa, coffee, rubber, etc. To reduce food production costs. In bio-chemical farming, for example, costs drop by about 40%. In 100% organic farming the cost savings compared to chemicals are much higher. To restore and improve the soil’s fertility. The soil can be cleaned of chemicals while hard, chemical soil and poor soil can be changed to a crumbly, fertile state rich in micro-organisms and beneficial insect life. To increase the quality of crops, e.g. fruit and vegetables become sweeter, crispier, and keep longer; grains have an improved taste; flowers are larger, fresher-looking, keep longer, and have a stronger scent; etc. A longer shelf life means that crops will not be spoiled before they reach the market at home or abroad. To ensure that the country’s food exports will not be rejected because of chemical content. The European Union and Japan, for example, are becoming stricter about Maximum Residue Levels. Sierra Leone can become known for exporting 100% organic food, fruit, cocoa, latex, etc. This will increase exports and provide more money for the farmers and the economy. To develop commercial agriculture, particularly in a 100% organic direction. To reduce poverty as farmers will earn more from higher crop yields and quality. Also, because there will be no increase in price over the 5 years the farmers will become wealthier. To protect water sources from chemical agriculture contamination.…

Country Agent for Nigeria – Salad Greenhouse (Worldwide) Ltd.

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Salad Greenhouse (Worldwide) Ltd. is our Country Agent. The company’s website is: http://www.saladgreenhouseafrica.com/ Recommendation from the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Nigeria Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Recommendation of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant Youth Programs Salad Greenhouse (Worldwide) Ltd. in partnership with the YPAED Cooperative Society, is promoting “Youth in Agriculture” by introducing numerous programs that encourage youth participation in the agricultural sector. Salad Greenhouse (Worldwide) Ltd., and the YPAED Cooperative Society with its partners are inviting Youth and Women throughout Nigeria to participate in its Projects called, “1,000,000 Youths in Commercial Organic Agriculture in Nigeria” (1m Y-CAN) and the “Grassroots Organic Agriculture Technology Initiative” (GOATi). For further information, please go to: http://www.saladgreenhouseafrica.com/youth-programs/…

State Government of Katsina State, Nigeria Hands Over Buildings for a Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant, Liquid, 100% Organic, Bio-fertilizer Bottling Factory.

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The short video shows Mr. Aminu Bello Masari, Governor of Katsina State, Nigeria, and other officials of the government of Katsina State, Nigeria handing over 2 buildings to representatives of Salad Greenhouse (www.saladgreenhouseafrica.com), which will be used to house a bio-fertilizer bottling facility so that Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant can be made available to farmers throughout Nigeria. These photographs show Dennis Obeto, CEO of Salad Greenhouse Worldwide Ltd. (blue suit), with the Governor of Katsina State. Purpose of the Factory The overall purpose of the factory is to enable Katsina State and eventually Nigeria to phase out 100% chemical farming, and to change to bio-chemical farming and then to 100% organic farming, with all the economic, social, agricultural, health, and environmental benefits, which this entails. By moving away from 100% chemical farming, farmers in the state and throughout Nigeria will be able to increase their crop yields above what chemicals can achieve while lowering their costs and restoring the fertility of the soil. In addition, farmers will hardly be affected by fluctuations in the world price of oil as the bio-fertilizers are 100% organic and chemical-free. Salad Greenhouse Has Come With The Solution To Agriculture  …

Field Tests on Rice and Maize in Kilissi, Guinea Produce Splendid Results!

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Makallo Sarl, the Country Agent for Artemis & Angel Co. Ltd. in Guinea, has carried out field tests under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock to show the benefits of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant on rice and maize compared to chemical fertilisers. The results were so good that the tests showed that the government could eradicate chemical rice and maize farming throughout Guinea with no reservations. The Field Test Supervisor was very enthusiastic about the results. In short, the results were essentially the same as we have seen in other countries, such as Nigeria, Thailand, Malawi, Vietnam, etc. There were fewer leaves than on chemical rice plants, but there was much more grain on the heads. The yield was 43% higher compared to the chemical rice. The rice plants had about 20% more roots; hence, the extra yield. The costs for the farmers were 65% lower in 100% organic farming compared to the chemical rice test. The stems were much thicker than on the chemical rice plants, and too thick for insects to bite through. Rice farmers who use the bio-fertilisers continuously also observe the following: The taste of the rice is sweeter than chemical rice. Rice farmers can stop using chemical sprays completely by the second season because the immune system of the rice plants has become stronger as the soil’s microbial life is restored. After one or two seasons rice farmers stop using the sprays, though they can stop immediately if they wish to do so. There are very few pest problems, if any. Because the bio-fertilizers strengthen the immune system of the rice plants and make the rice crops healthy, and increase the vibration emitted by the rice plants, insects do not show interest in the bio-fertilizer rice fields and go and attack weak, chemical rice fields instead, which emit a lower vibration. The quality of the rice is much better than that of chemical rice, and it does not break so easily. The DNA of the rice changes each crop, which results in a higher quality of seed. There is no need for farmers to buy (GMO) seeds and to become dependent on international seed companies for their seeds. The farmers are able to sell high quality 100% organic rice at a higher price. The soil’s beneficial insect life and fertility is restored, and the soil becomes much softer and aerated. The results in the maize tests in Kilissi produced a 66% higher yield in 100% organic maize farming compared to the chemical maize. Generally, the maize plants had 3-6 cobs per plants compared to the chemical maize, which generally had 2 cobs only. Here are some photographs of the rice and maize tests: Photographs of the 2015 Guinea Rice and Maize Tests…

Rice and Maize Field Tests in Sierra Leone Are Very Successful.

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Here is an extract from the field tests carried out on rice and maize in the Western are of Sierra Leone. The field tests were very successful and resulted in many farmers asking the Ministry of Agriculture how they could obtain the bio-fertilisers. Sierra Leone – Western Area Field Report…

Very Good Results in a Maize Field Test by the Gombe State Agricultural Development Programme in Nigeria.

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A bio-chemical farming field test was carried out in two areas of Gombe State, namely Pokata and Posulte in Shongom and Billiri local government areas. The Pokata site had sandy soil, while that of Posulte had clay loam soil. No soil preparation with Bio-Plant and compost was carried out owing to a shortage of time. Nevertheless, the results were very good. The farmers were highly impressed to the extent that they requested and enquired how they could obtain the bio-fertilizers. Yield Results Location Treatment Yield/Plot (Kg) Yield/Hectare (Kg) Pokata T1 750 3,000 T2 325 1,300 Posulte T1 500 2,000 T2 350 1,400 The following photograph shows a comparison of the maize grown with NPK and Urea on the left and the bio-chemical maize grown with Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant on the right. Click on the photo to see the difference clearly. Nigeria – Field Test Report (Gombe State)…

Artemis & Angel Co. Ltd. Offers the Government of Guinea a 0% Interest Credit Fund of US$100 Million over 5 Years to Replace Chemical Agriculture with 100% Organic Agriculture.

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The photograph shows Peter McAlpine, Marketing Manager of Artemis & Angel Co. Ltd., with Madame Jacqueline Sultan, Minister of Agriculture and Livestock. The bio-fertilisers Credit Fund will enable the government of Guinea: To become Africa’s first 100% organic farming country. To free up funds, which the government would have spent on subsidizing fertilizer, for use on infrastructure projects, rice mills, food processing factories, farming community development, opening up new land to agriculture, etc., instead. To eradicate harmful chemical fertilizers and sprays and replace it with 100% organic agriculture, with all the benefits this entails for public health, poverty alleviation, social wellbeing and happiness, environmental protection, a safer water supply, etc. To increase food production significantly beyond what chemical agriculture can achieve, and for a much lower cost. These bio-fertilizers can ensure the country’s food security. Chemical agriculture cannot because of its harmful effects on the soil and environment. The bio-fertilisers are effective with all crops and trees, including Guinea’s main crops. To reduce food production costs. In bio-chemical farming, for example, costs drop by about 40%. In 100% organic farming the cost savings compared to chemicals are much higher. To restore and improve the soil’s fertility. The soil can be cleaned of chemicals while hard, chemical soil and poor soil can be changed to a crumbly, fertile state, which is rich in micro-organisms and beneficial insect life. To increase the quality of crops, e.g. fruit and vegetables become sweeter, crispier, and keep longer; grains have an improved taste; flowers are larger, fresher-looking, keep longer, and have a stronger scent; etc. A longer shelf life means that crops will not be spoiled before they reach the market at home or abroad. To ensure that the country’s food exports will not be rejected because of chemical content. Guinea can become known for exporting 100% organic food. This will increase exports and provide more money for the farmers and the economy. To develop commercial agriculture, particularly in a 100% organic direction. To reduce poverty as farmers will earn more from higher crop yields and quality. Also, because there will be no increase in price over the 5 years the farmers will become wealthier. To protect water sources from chemical agriculture contamination.    …

Benin National Institute for Agricultural Research Test on Maize Produces “Spectacular” Results.

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Many field tests have been carried out in Benin with very good results, but it is common for no written reports to be made. However, the Benin National Institute for Agricultural Research, which is attached to the Ministry of Agriculture, Land, and Fisheries of Benin, reported in writing about a test using Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant with maize. The original and the full translation can be found in the linked file below. Dr. Azontonde H. Anastase, Doctor of Soil Sciences, specialist in soil fertility, in charge of C.A.M.E.S. research, responsible for the Laboratory of Soil Sciences, Water, and the Environment at the Agonkanmey Research Centre, commented: “… a bottle of the same bio-fertilizer Pro-Plant and another of the bio-fertilizer Bio-Plant have been used in field tests in the production of maize. The results were spectacular. The land treated with the two products produced three (3) tonnes per hectare of the maize variety DMR. This output was achieved on soil of average fertility on which 200 kg of NPK fertilizer is used.” Benin Field Test Results…

Maize Field Tests Over 3 Years in Malawi Produce Excellent Results

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Our Agent for Malawi, Agma Holding Ltd. carried out a 3-year field test on maize with Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant from 2009-2012 after offering to the Ministry of Agriculture a 0% interest Credit Fund of US$100 million over 5 years.  Here is a summary of the results, which were very good. Summary of the 3-Year Field Tests on Maize Evaluation of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant bio-fertilizers regarding their effects on soil fertility and maize grain yield production were evaluated at Bvumbwe and Bembeke for 3 years from 2009 to 2012. The pot experiments were carried out at Bvumbwe where sterilized and unsterilized soils were used with 5 Treatments replicated 3 times in a RCBD. 3 maize plants were planted in each 5L pot of soil. Field trials were conducted with plot sizes of 5m by 6 ridges spaced at 0.75m. One maize seed was planted per station spaced at 25cm. They were 3 replicates in RCBD. The results indicate that Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant fertilizers improved soil fertility and maize grain yields. Their performance was much better than the recommended chemical fertilizer rate for maize at both sites. In bio-chemical application the combined use of 30% chemical fertilizer and 660cc of Pro-Plant gave the highest maize grain yields of 5514 kgs/ha at Bvumbwe and 4883 kgs/ha at Bembeke. In the case of bio-organic farming, Treatment 6 gave the highest grain yields at Bvumbwe (3518kgs/ha) and Bembeke (3667 kgs/ha).The increase over the recommended fertilizer was over 10%-40% and over the zero fertilizer Treatment 1 was 60%-90% depending on the site and the Treatment of Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant fertilizers. For example at Bvumbwe during 2009-10 season (Table 5), there was a 28% increase in maize grain yield in Treatment 3 compared with Treatment 2 of the recommended chemical fertilizer rate.…

What is a Bio-fertilizer?

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1. Introduction to the Benefits and Activities of Bio-fertilizers Bio-fertilizer is a 100% natural and organic fertilizer that helps to provide all the nutrients and micro-organisms required for the benefits of the plants. It contains a large population of beneficial micro-organisms that enhance the productivity of the soil and increase plant growth either by fixing atmospheric Nitrogen or by solubilising minerals in the soil, including those unabsorbable by roots, and by stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances. The term “bio” means living; so bio-fertilizers refer to living, microbial inoculants that are added to the soil. Micro-organisms create a micro environment around the roots of plants that makes nutrients easily available to the plants and helps to retain water. When you use chemical fertilizers and chemical sprays, however, most of these micro-organisms die forever, and as a result the soil loses its capacity to provide sustainable growth in the long term. Bio-fertilizers can be used on the soil as a high quality organic fertilizer and as a corrector of pH, bacterial life, and texture. They have a relatively high nutrient concentration, and can be used to prepare the soil before planting. Bio-Plant, for example, is especially effective in soil preparation when mixed with organic matter. The micro-organisms feed rapidly on the organic matter and multiply rapidly. The organic matter becomes like a factory mass-producing micro-organisms, which spread out and fertilize the soil. The advantages of using bio-fertilizers are enormous. Not only are they very economical, but they produce high agricultural yields. Bio-fertilizers include phosphate-solubilizing microbes. Phosphorus is an important nutrient for plants. There are several micro-organisms which can solubilize the common sources of phosphorus, such as rock phosphate. They solubilise the bound phosphorus and make it available to the plant, resulting in improved growth and yield of crops. Soil phosphates are rendered available to plants by soil micro-organisms through the secretion of organic acids. In this way, phosphate-dissolving soil micro-organisms play an important part in correcting phosphorus deficiency in the soil. They may also release soluble inorganic phosphate into the soil through the decomposition of phosphate-rich organic compounds. Bio-fertilizers can substitute almost 20% to 25% of the phosphorus requirement of plants. 2. The Phosphorus Cycle Microbial Solubilization of Phosphate Bio-fertilizers improve soil fertility and enhance nutrient uptake and water uptake in deficient soils, thereby improving the establishment of plants. Bio-fertilizers also secrete growth substances and anti-fungal chemicals, as well as improve seed germination and root growth. The combined effects of phosphorus- and potassium-mobilizing micro-organisms and specific nitrogen-fixing bacteria enrich the soil and cost less than chemical fertilizers, which harm the environment and deplete non-renewable energy sources. Bio-fertilizers decompose organic material and help to build up the micro-flora, which in turn improves the health of the soil, enhances the growth of plants and increases the yield of crops. 3. Some General Benefits of Bio-fertilizers Compared to Chemical Fertilizers Bio-fertilizers, such as Bio-Plant and Pro-Plant, have strong advantages over chemical fertilizers. For example: a. Chemical fertilizers supply an abundance of Nitrogen and depending on the kind, also Phosphorus and Potassium, whereas bio-fertilizers provide in addition to these major minerals, minor minerals, certain growth-promoting substances, such as hormones, vitamins, amino acids, etc.. b. Chemical crops have to be provided with chemical fertilizers repeatedly to replenish the loss of Nitrogen utilised for crop growth. One reason for this is that chemical agriculture kills off the microbial life that provides the plants with the Nitrogen they need, thereby making them dependent on chemical “fixes” of Nitrogen. Bio-fertilizers, however, supply the Nitrogen continuously through natural processes throughout the entire period of crop growth in the field under favourable conditions. c. Continuous use of chemical fertilisers adversely affects the soil structure by killing off soil micro-organisms and thereby disrupting essential processes (see diagram below) that create fertile soil. Bio-fertilizers provide chemical soil the micro-organisms that restore these processes and thereby improve the soil structure.…